Chemotherapy is made use to kill cancer cells in people with cancer. There is a range of settings within which chemotherapy could also be utilized in people with cancer:

 Chemotherapy is often used after other treatments, like surgery, to kill any cancer cells that may remain within the body. Oncologist call this adjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy is often availed to shrink a tumour so as other treatments, like radiation and surgery, are possible. Doctors call this neoadjuvant therapy.
To ease signs and symptoms. Chemotherapy may help relieve signs and symptoms of cancer by killing numerous cancer cells. Doctors call this palliative chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy for conditions apart from cancer. Some chemotherapy drugs have proved useful in treating other conditions, such as: Bone marrow diseases. Diseases that affect the bone marrow and blood cells could also be treated with a Bone Marrow transplant, also referred to as a stem cell transplant. Chemotherapy is usually used to brace oneself for a bone marrow transplant.

Immune system disorders. Lower doses of chemotherapy drugs can help control an overactive immune system in certain diseases, like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.